A
Acrylic fibre - An artificial fibre containing nitrile
B
Basic dyes - these contain basic amino group and their use is in natural cellulosic fibres in an alkaline dye bath
Bath - It's a basic solution, where a chemical process is carried out.
Basket weave - It's also called matt weave
Bitmap (BMP) - A bitmap is an image composed of a rectangular grid of squares called pixels (picture elements). Each pixel contains information that describes whether it is black, white or has a colour value. When working with bitmap images, you edit pixels rather than objects or shapes. A bitmap image is resolution independent - that is, it contains a fixed number of pixels to represent its image data. As a result, a bitmap image can lose detail and appear jagged if viewed at a high magnification on-screen or printed at too low a resolution. BMP is the standard Windows image format.
Blanket - It's a heavy fabric having a raised finish
Blending - The term means mixing of different fibres in a specified proportion so as to get advantages in the end result accruing from the properties of the blended fabrics
Bleaching - It's a chemical process undertaken for improving the whiteness of a fabric, yarn or a fibre (retaining the natural color)
Bleeding - when a fabric looses it's color when in contact with a solvent it's called bleeding
Blinding - happens when you remove the lustre of textiles
Blind stitch - An invisible stitch on the fabric face or a garment
Boucle (Booclay) yarn - A yarn which has tight loops formed across its length
Brighteners - These are chemical constituents which when added to detergents increase the brightness of a fabric
Brocade - Used extensively for silk saris, this fabric has very exquisite effects by using satin weaves against a plain weave background
Brushing - The end result of this finishing process is a raised effect, it involves passing the fabric over two or more brushes
C
Contemporary - Currently in vogue
Cool Colors - Blue, Violet and Green are considered cool colors.
Calico - It's a plain weave cotton fabric having a medium cover factor
Chambray - A light net, plain weave of cotton. A blend of synthetic yarns
Checks - A pattern made of squares
Cavalry twill - A warp-faced fabric having double twill lines separated by grooves. It is heavy weight fabric
CMYK - A print process that uses four colours - cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y) and black (K) to produce all other colour ranges. Used in most full-colour commercial printing.
Color fastness - The property of which the dyed material has resistance against bleeding on washed or exposed to light and gas
Combed yarn - The yarn whose slivers have been carded and combed
Composite yarn - This Yarn made of both staple and filament fibres
Cord - A general term used for a) plied b) cabled yarns and structures made by braiding , knitting or weaving
Corduroy - A cut pile having cords or ribs in the warp direction e.g. cut velveteen fabrics
Cotton - Natural vegetable fibre obtained from seed hair of plants of the gossipyum family
Curing - It is the procedure of setting of resin or plastic
Count - It's a ratio of the yarn or a fibre's weight to it's length
Count of cloth - The number of picks per inch/cm and ends per inch/cm in the cloth
D
Digital Transfer - The new technology of digital transfers allows for the production of more detailed logos, or the reproduction of photo quality finishes. The images are printed directly onto the transfer and then applied to the fabric's surface with heat and pressure.
Direct dyes - These Dyes made of vegetable fibres.
Disperse dyes- Dyes used only for synthetics eg. polyester.
Discharge (printing) - It's a method employed in printing where by applying a chemical substance on the specific areas of a dyed fabric, the dye gets removed or discharged leaving behind a colored or white pattern
DPI - DPI stands for dots per inch and is a measure of the resolution of a display or output device.
Drill - A twill weave, piece dyed fabric. It is usually made in 0.7m width
Dupion - Is a fabric woven from imitation silk (artificial fibre)
E
Elastic fabric - A fabric having extensible properties like lycra
Embossing - It's a method to get a raised feel or depressed feel of the fabric by passing it through heated
Embroidery - A method where a decorative patterns was sewn by handle through a needle or by a sewing machine but more latterly by computerised control of multi head embroidery stations
Embroidery lace - Embroidery done on lace material
EPS - Encapsulated Post Script. This is a file format that supports both PC and MAC images. EPS files are platform independent. EPS format is used to transfer Postscript language artwork between different programs.
F
Fabric - Term used to address all materials whether they may be made of fibres, yarns, lace, etc
Fastness - It is the resistance which a material provides to an agent
Filament - An artificial lengthy and continuous fibre
Finishing - Treatment given to a fabric to improve it's look and texture properties
Forte of a garment - Means the strong point of the garment
Frey - When handling some fabrics, the threads which come out are called frey
Fad - Short term fashion (trends) are called fads
G
Gaberdine - It's a Worsted fabric with a prominent twill face
Georgette - Crepe fine fabric with alternate twisted tarn
GIF - A GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a bitmap file format commonly used to display indexed-colour graphics and images in HTML documents over the Web and other online services.
GIF is a LZW (Lemle-Zif-Welch) - compressed format designed to minimize file size and electronic transfer time.
Grain - A synonym for the length wise (weft yarn) or cross-wise (warp yarn) threads of the fabric
H
Hosiery - Knitted articles
Haute Couture - Hi-Fashion garments
Hue - Is the shades and degrees of color
I
Imitation velvet - Plain weave with small tufts or fibres which are joined by an adhesive
Interlining - Woven or non woven fabric layer between outer cloth wall and the inner to give it an insulation and shape
J
Jacquard - It's a weaving machine which produces very intricate designs as it can control each warp yarn
Jersey - It's a Plain knit fabric
JPEG - A JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is commonly used to display photographs and scanned images via email. JPEG retains all colour information in a bitmap image but compresses file size by selectively discarding data. The JPEG format supports CMYK, RGB and gray scale colour modes. A higher level of compression results in lower image quality and a lower level of compression results in better image quality.
L
Lace - Open work fabric
LPI - Lines per inch; a measure of the screen frequency of a halftone.
Lustre - Gloss of textiles
N
Non woven - Fabric from a web of fibres held together by various methods other than felting, coloring, or intertwining
P
PDF - A PDF (Portable Document Format) is used by Adobe Acrobat. Adobe's electronic publishes software for Windows, Mac OS, UNIX and DOS. You can view and print PDF files using the Acrobat Reader software. PDF files can represent both vector and bitmap graphics.
Plastisol Transfer - Multi-colour logos are applied to products through the use of
transfers. Logos are first reverse-screened onto a paper like material. The complete logo is then applied to the fabric's surface with heat & pressure.
PMS - PMS is a colour that is specified in the Pantone Matching System. This system provides a standard for describing printed colours using specific inks, and therefore results in the best colour replication for artwork.
Polyamide - Polymerized product of alcohols and acids
Poplin - A plain weave fabric with ribbed effect
PostScript - This is a programming language used to describe text, shapes and bitmaps of each page of a publication. Postscript can be used to transfer a print job from a desktop computer to a printing device such as an image setter.
PPI - Pixels per inch; a measure of the scanning resolution and the resolution of a bitmap.
Press mark - Undesirable shinning lines on the right side of the garment due to incorrect ironing
Pucker - Is to draw up into folds or wrinkles
R
Raw silk - silk which comes directly from cocoon with a little twist in the thread
Resolution - Resolution is a measure of the size of pixels or dots that compose a bit map.
RGB - An additive colour model in which three primary colours of light (red, green and blue) are combined in varying intensities to produce all other colours. Monitors, scanners and the human eye use RGB to produce or detect colours.
S
Screen Printing - a method of decoration where either water based or plasistisol ink is forced through differing sizes of silk mesh to leave one or many colours either in(water based) or on (plastisol) the fabric of the garment
Seam Line - The line which shows where the seam should be stitched
Silhouette - It's an outline of a garment
Spot Colour - A colour that is reproduced using a single ink. Spot colour swatch books and inks are provided by companies such as Pantone.
Spun silk - Silk yarn from short a short filament
Suede cloth - A finish which resembles chamois leather
Staple - It is the average length of a fibre
Sublimation - The basic dye sublimation process uses special heat-sensitive dyes to print graphics and text onto special transfer paper. The paper is then placed on a "sublimatable" item and both are placed into a heat press. When the heating cycle is completed, the image on the paper has been transferred to the item and has actually reformed into or underneath the coated surface.
Surface Decoration - Ornamenting the surface of a fabric or garment (e.g. Embroidery etc.)
T
Tafetta - Plain closely woven filament fabric
Tapestry - Yarn dyed figured fabrics in jacquard loom
Taper - To decrease width gradually and bring it to an end point
Thread Count - Is the number of warp and weft yarns in one square-inch of a fabric (warp yarn x weft yarn per sq. inch)
TIFF image - It's a bitmap file format that was specifically developed for page layout applications and is supported by all image editing applications. The TIFF format supports RGB, CMYK, grayscale and bitmap (black and white) files.
Trend - Fashion is not static, they are constantly moving, their movement has a definite direction. The direction in which fashion moves is called fashion Trend
Trim - To cut off the ragged edges below the seam line to prevent the garment from being bulky and to give the seam a neat finish
Tweed - A rough fabric of wiry heavy wools invented by the English
Twill weave - Weft interlaced with warp to form diagonal ridges in fabric
V
Velour - A cut pile fabric heavier than velvet , longer piles with fine raised finish of cotton /woolen.
Vector Graphics - Drawing programs such as Adobe Illustrator, Freehand and CorelDraw create vector graphics. These are made of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors. Vectors describe graphics according to their geometric characteristics. A vector graphic is resolution-independent - that is, it can be scaled to any size and printed on any output device at any resolution without losing it's detail or clarity.
W
Warm Colors - Colors like Red, Orange, Yellow are classified as warm colors
Worsted fabric - A fabric manufactured wholly from worsted yarns the exception being presence of some decoration threads of other fibres
Y
Yarn - A product of substantial length and relatively small cross-section consisting of fibres and /or filament (s)
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